Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing (零售业) experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.
He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America. Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.
After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options (认股权) and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (实现) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.
By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart’s unique decentralized (分散的) distribution system, also Walton’s idea, created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “it” in Para.1 refer to ? (No more than 5 words)
【小题2】How did Walton’s first Wal-mart store achieve success? (No more than 10 words)
【小题3】What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”? (No more than 15 words)
【小题4】Why were employees at Wal-mart stores offered stock opinions? (No more than 10 words)
【小题5】Are you in favor of Walton’s management style? (No more than 20 words)

About 7 million people over the age of 65 have been diagnosed with depression, and many more could be suffering. It is high time that you learned how to know the signs and help them. Depression is a big problem for seniors, especially those who are lack of care and attention. Older people are much more likely to be alone, socially isolated(孤立的) or feel a lack of purpose. Sometimes older people have a much more difficulty time admitting mental health problems. Many times, the link between depression and physical illness is much stronger.
The elderly don’t like to express sadness the way that young people do. Older people who are depressed may have more physical troubles and may pay more attention to them. Depression may result from early memory loss and meanwhile, depression will make a person forget more and faster. A patient with early memory loss and depression really needs to be treated for the depression to slow the memory loss. A mood change is also a sign of depression. If a previously calm person becomes increasingly annoyed, or a previously clean person no longer bothers to shower or clean up, that person should be considered.
Don’t tell older adults that you think they may be depressed, as older adults --- particularly men–see depression as a weakness. What you should do is tell them you’re worried about their health. Tell them they seem to be out of sorts.
Say you just want to check with the doctor to see what’s going on. Once you’ve used physical symptoms to get that person to agree to a check-up, mention your fear to the doctor and allow the doctor to approach the subject of depression with the patient.
【小题1】What is the title of the passage? (No more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________.
【小题2】For what kind of older people is depression especially a big problem? (No more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________.
【小题3】What attitude do older people have towards their mental illnesses? (No more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________.
【小题4】What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “out of sorts” in Paragraph 4? (No more than 3 words)
____________________________________________________________________________.
【小题5】What will you do if your grandparents suffer from depression? (No more than 25 words)
____________________________________________________________________________

Are you a shy person? Do you find shyness prevents you from thinking clearly and performing well in your work? Overcoming shyness takes time and it is certainly worth taking some steps. The following are some good suggestions for you to fight against shyness.
Know you are in great company
If you are shy, you are not alone. It is reported that 93 percent of people experience shyness in their lives. And of course there are some cool, nice, kind and generous people who are shy. Since there are so many people who experience the same feelings and thoughts as you do, there is no need to blame yourself for being shy.
Give yourself time and space
Being shy is not easy and sometimes it can be annoying. I have certainly felt this many times. I find the best thing is to give myself time and space. Many shy people say that they need to have some time alone each day. If you are shy, make sure you allow yourself time to gather your thoughts. Doing this means you have more energy to deal with others.
Realize you can overcome shyness
Sometimes you can get so baffled by being shy that it can be hard to see that this is something you can overcome. In fact, everyone can overcome shyness. Next time you meet strangers or have to speak before others, try to be brave. You can do it. What’s more, the older you are, the more experiences you have. And this means there are more situations where you feel comfortable and you are able to overcome your shyness little by little. Don’t just wait. Shyness won’t go away if you leave it as it is.
【小题1】What’s the best title for the passage? (Within 5 words)
【小题2】What’s the disadvantage of being shy? (Within 10 words)
【小题3】Why is it unnecessary to blame yourself for being shy? (Within 15 words)
【小题4】Please explain the underline word “baffled” in English. (Within 5 words)
【小题5】According to the passage, why do shy people need time for themselves? (Within 15 words)

Meet Thomas Wilson. Thomas is famous all over the world. He holds the world record for sleeping in (睡过头). One weekend, Thomas slept in for two days, three hours and fourteen minutes. It was unbelievable. No one in history had ever slept in for so long before.
Thomas was very proud of his world record. His friends were proud of him, too. Whenever Thomas walked down the street, people always came up to him and shook his hand. Thomas was a star.
The on]y who wasn’t proud of Thomas’s world record was his father. Dad didn’t like it when Thomas slept in. He complained that whenever Thomas slept in, the lawns didn’t get mowed. He was worried about how high the grass was getting. Every weekend, it seemed to get higher and higher. “It’s like a jungle there,” Dad moaned (抱怨) to Thomas one day. But Thomas wasn’t worried about the grass getting higher. He had more important things on his mind—like sleeping in.
One morning, Thomas was woken from a deep sleep by a loud roaring noise. It sounded like a wild animal pacing about under his bedroom window.
Thomas rushed over to the window and pulled the curtains back. His eyes bulged like basketballs. “What on Earth…?” He gasped. There, in the middle of the backyard, was a lion! “Awesome!” cried Thomas. Suddenly, a giraffe poked its head through the window. It munched the leaves from a plant sitting by Thomas’s bed. Next, an elephant walked past the swimming pool and squirted (喷出) water all over Dad’s car! “Cool!” cheered Thomas. “Now I don’t have to wash Dad’s car today.”
【小题1】What is Thomas famous for?
【小题2】How long did Thomas sleep in one weekend?
【小题3】Was Thomas’s father proud of his son’s world record?
【小题4】Why did Thomas say he didn’t have to wash Dad’s car?
【小题5】What do you think of Thomas’s world record for sleeping in?

We can choose failure, but we can’t choose fear. That’s like what James Cameron said “Failure Is an Option (选择), but Fear Is Not” at the end of his TED talk and I love it. We shouldn’t be afraid of facing failure, try to accept it and learn from it.
Make mom for failure
Nobody wants to fail, but failure is often on your way to success. George Bernard Shaw said, “A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable (可敬的), but more useful than a life spent doing nothing.” So if you never fail then it probably means that you do nothing. Failure shows that you actually do something instead of just sitting in your comfortable seat.
Learn from each failure
Don’t just fail and get nothing out of it. Learn something from each failure that makes you better and better.
Fail fast
Time is precious, so if you fail then you’d better fail fast. Why? Because it will make you learn and improve faster. Don’t wait until everything is perfect. Instead, test your idea in the real world as soon as possible.
Don’t choose fear
Many people don’t want to work on something unknown. But fear is not a good choice, so you should be willing to try out your new ideas. Even if you aren’t successful, you will still come out better than before.
【小题1】In the writer’s opinion, failure is not terrible.（______）
【小题2】If you never fail, it may mean you do nothing. （______）
【小题3】From the passage, we know that we should be away from failure. （______）
【小题4】Many people are willing to try out their new ideas. （______）
【小题5】Fear is not an option, but failure is. （______）

阅读短文，按照题目要求英语回答问题。
On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier Leader Enterprise (MLE), I didn’t get a lot of fan mail, so my attention was caught by a letter on my desk one morning.
When I opened it, I read: “Sweet piece of writing on the Tigers. Keep up the good work.” It was signed by Don Wolfe, the sports editor. Because I was a teenager (being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch), his words could not have been more inspiring. I kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got old. Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer, I would reread Don’s note and walk on air again.
Later, when I got to know him, I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick, encouraging note to people in all walks of life. “When I make others feel good about themselves,” he told me, “I feel good, too.”
Over the years, I’ve tried to copy Don and write uplifting words. In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth.
Why are positive note writers in such short supply? My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious. They are afraid they will be misunderstood. Thus it may cause troubles and problems. And it sounds insincere on the phone. Also, writing takes time; it is far easier to pick up the phone.
The drawback of phone calls, of course, is that they do not last. A note attaches more importance to our well-wishing. It is a matter of record, and our words can be read more than once, savored(回味) and treasured, and they bring strength and love to us.
Today I sent a warm letter to my old boss. I don’t know if it will make his day, but it made mine. As my friend Don Wolfe said, “Making others feel good about themselves makes me feel good too”.
【小题1】What does the underlined part “walk on air” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
(No more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
【小题2】According to the author, why aren’t people willing to write letters?
(No more than 15 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
【小题3】Why did the author write to his old boss? (No more than 15 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
【小题4】What’s the text mainly about? (No more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
【小题5】Were you encouraged by anybody? And how？（No more than 25 words）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.

A self-service flower shop operated by a college student in Beijing is attracting many young customers,Chinese media reported.
Different from traditional shops in the capital, the young storekeeper surnamed Wang opened the first self-service flower shop where people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay.
Born after 1995 and a lover of fiction,the young man said he began the startup because it will not take up his time."People go to flower shops at any time,"he said."I cannot focus on reading when I have to serve customers," So Wang opened the self-service flower shop after doing market research.
Most young customers like shopping in a free environment,and hate promotion from clerks,he explained,adding that customers can have their questions answered about categories and names of flowers through mobile apps.
Even though there is no shopkeeper the operation has attracted many young customers and proved to be a success,at least for now.
Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person,Wang said he would call at it at odd intervals every day.
"It is a business with small investment,and it can not cause a huge loss if a burglary（偷盗）occurs,"he said,adding that he trusts people.
【小题1】How do people pay for flowers? (no more than 8 words)
【小题2】Why did Wang open the self-service flower shop? (no more than 20 words)
【小题3】What should customers do if they have their questions about flowers? (no more than 10 words)
【小题4】What does the underlined phrase "at odd intervals" most probably mean? (no more than 4 words)
【小题5】What do you think of the self-service flower shop?Tell your reasons. (no more than 25 words)

When I made the decision to take a gap year, it wasn’t a big deal. I supposed I would earn some money, and then travel somewhere far away to have an incredible adventure.
Two months later, I was on a plane for Thailand. Upon arrival at Wildlife Friends Foundation of Thailand (WFFT), I was in love. The animals, the atmosphere, the community, everything here surpassed any expectation I had ever had. WFFT is an organization that takes in animals, wild or domestic, and cares for them until they can be released back into the wild.
At the end of my three months at WFFT, I was very sick and scared, so I changed travel plans and left Asia early. It wasn’t a decision I made lightly. It was necessary, and I was proud of myself for making the choice to take care of myself and not feel like a failure. I didn’t feel like my adventure had been cut short; it was simply a change of plans. Instead of going home, I flew to Tacoma, WA to visit my sister.
One of the most important things I’ve learned this year is to just keep putting one foot in front of the other; whether it’s a challenge or change, the best way to get through it is one step at a time.
I’ve had time to reflect on my year so far, and I’m surprised to find that I’ve changed greatly and have learned more than I have ever realized. I’ve broadened my perspective of the world and come back more understanding and compassionate towards people, animals and the environment. I’m grateful for my good fortune in life. I’ve developed a growing sense of wonder in myself, and an appetite for more of what life has to offer.
【小题1】What was the author’s plan for the gap year? (no more than 10 words)
【小题2】What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? (no more than 8 words)
【小题3】How did the author feel about her leaving Asia early? (no more than 10 words)
【小题4】What’s one of the most important things the author has learned from the gap year?  (no more than 15 words)
【小题5】Do you think it’s beneficial to take a gap year? Give your reasons.  (no more than 20 words)

We met a little girl seven years ago during one of my daughter’s occasional hospital stays. Her name was Beth and she was my daughter’s roommate for a week. My Daughter had an incurable kidney(肾) disease. Beth was a very happy girl, despite the fact that she had cancer. I was amazed at her will and determination to never give up, however sick her treatment made her. She was always concerned about my daughter and the other children with cancer.
My daughter’s hospital treatment was completed in a week and we were waiting for her final discharge orders when Beth appeared. She said “I want you to have this. I know you need a new kidney, so keep this angel pin with you till you get better. She will watch over you and make you smile. My friend, John, gave it to me to watch over me. When you get your new kidney and smile, you can give this angel to someone that needs her, too”. My daughter thanked her and the girls exchanged hugs and big smiles. Later that year, Beth passed away.
We kept that angel for six more years. Finally, a kidney became available and she received a transplant.
Now she felt it was time to give it to someone who needed to be watched over until he or she could smile again. She gave it to an elderly man trying to recover from a heart problem.
How many families and hearts this angel has touched, no one knows for sure. But all that it took was a single gift of kindness. So in this Christmas season, create a tradition with your children or maybe someone you love. Give them a gift that keeps on giving. It’s a gift from your heart.
【小题1】For what reason was the author impressed with Beth?(No more than 15 words)
【小题2】Why did Beth give an angel pin to the author’s daughter?(No more than 10 words)
【小题3】What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?(No more than 5 words)
【小题4】What tradition should be created as it is suggested in the passage? (No more than 15 words)
【小题5】In your opinion what can be a gift from your heart? And why? (No more than 20 words)

A conflict at work is common. If you can avoid conflict, it means you will win what you want regardless of what the other person wants. Since the potential issue has not been removed, it will simply reappear later. Here are the necessary steps to effectively get rid of conflicts at work.
★Be aware of the fact that some conflicts are unavoidable at work. On numerous occasions, conflict and disagreement are likely to happen. But when a conflict happens it's not the end of the world. On the contrary, it can be the beginning of an interesting learning process. Conflicts mean that people care enough to disagree strongly. The trick is not to allow the conflict to go on forever.
★ Deal with conflicts sooner rather than later. Solve a conflict when it starts, as it only gets worse with time going by. Conflicts at work arise not from something that was said, but from something that wasn't said! Everyone's waiting for the other to admit he's wrong and gets more unpleasant after the conflict has lasted a while. It's essential to interrupt the "waiting game" before it gets to that point.
★ Ask nicely. If somebody has done something that made you angry, or if you don't understand their viewpoint or actions, simply asking nicely about it can make a world of difference.  Never assume that people do what they do to annoy or hurt you. Sometimes there's a good reason why that person does what he or she does, and a potential conflict disappear right there. Do remember to make an inquiry, not an accusation of any sort.
★ Appreciate. Praise the other part in the conflict. Tell them why it's worth it to you to solve the conflict. This can be difficult as few people find it easy to praise and appreciate a person they disagree strongly with, but it's a great way to move forward.

Topic	How to 【小题1】 conflicts at work
Reason	Conflicts won't 【小题2】 if not dealt with
【小题3】 on handling conflicts	● Don't be afraid of conflicts which can happen in many 【小题4】 and try to resolve a conflict soon or it will get 【小题5】 ●Interrupt the "waiting game" and try to admit your 【小题6】 actively. ● Don’t imagine people do something to make you 【小题7】 on purpose. ● Remember not to 【小题8】 others, but ask them nicely about what they do, which may make a difference. ● Try to appreciate the other part in the conflict although it is 【小题9】 to do so.
【小题10】	If you learn to do with conflicts, you'll work in joy.